Guantánamo: The Definitive Prisoner List (Part 1)

The following list (also see Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4) is the culmination of a three-year project to record the stories of all the prisoners held at the US prison in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The first fruit of this research was my book The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America’s Illegal Prison, published by Pluto Press in November 2007, and available from Amazon (US and UK), in which I related the story of Guantánamo, established a chronology explaining where and when the prisoners were seized, told the stories of around 450 of these prisoners, and provided a context for the circumstances in which the remainder of the prisoners were captured.

In the last 15 months, I have also published 12 online chapters telling the stories of over 250 prisoners that I was unable to include in the book (either because they were not available at the time of writing, or to keep the book at a manageable length), and have written over 300 articles about Guantánamo, for a variety of publications, expanding on and updating the stories of all 779 prisoners. In particular, I have covered the stories of the 143 prisoners released from Guantánamo since June 2007 in unprecedented depth, and have also covered the stories of the 27 prisoners charged in Guantánamo’s Military Commission trial system in more detail than is available from most, if not all other sources.

As a result, this is the most comprehensive list ever published of the 779 prisoners who have been held at Guantánamo, providing details of the 533 prisoners who have been released (and the dates of their release), and the 241 prisoners who are still held (including the 59 prisoners who have been cleared for release). I will, of course, continue to update it as more prisoners are released. At the time of publication (March 2009), it provides links to my articles or online chapters telling the stories of over 400 prisoners, and, where these are not available online, provides references for the chapters in The Guantánamo Files where their stories can be found. The stories of 87 prisoners remain unknown, because they were released in 2003 or 2004, and the Pentagon has not been obliged to publish any information relating to these men, and their stories have not surfaced in the media or in research undertaken by NGOs.

It is my hope that this project will provide an invaluable research tool for those seeking to understand how it came to pass that the government of the United States turned its back on domestic and international law, establishing torture as official US policy, and holding men without charge or trial neither as prisoners of war, protected by the Geneva Conventions, nor as criminal suspects to be put forward for trial in a federal court, but as “illegal enemy combatants.”

I also hope that it provides a compelling explanation of how that same government, under the leadership of George W. Bush, Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, established a prison in which the overwhelming majority of those held — at least 93 percent of the 779 men and boys imprisoned in total — were either completely innocent people, seized as a result of dubious intelligence or sold for bounty payments, or Taliban foot soldiers, recruited to fight an inter-Muslim civil war that began long before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and that had nothing to do with al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden or international terrorism.

Andy Worthington, London, March 2009

The 779 prisoners held at Guantánamo

British gassed POWs in Long Kesh

A former republican prisoner has vowed to fight for justice for his dead comrades after a new freedom of information act – which came into effect on January 1- revealed that the chemical CR Gas was employed by the British Army against republican prisoners in Long Kesh 30 years ago.

The dramatic breakthrough proves the British did inflict poison gas on both sentenced and interned prisoners after they burned the notorious Cages in protest at conditions in October 1974. 50 former prisoners have either died prematurely through cancer or have been diagnosed with the disease possibly as a result of the choking poison that the British Army rained down on over 800 men.

As revealed by the Andersonstown News in several articles over the past five years, prisoners including internees, both republican and loyalists, as well as the British armed forces deploying the weapons, were exposed to their deadly toxins. It will vindicate former POWs who have been fighting for several years for the British government to admit that they used CR Gas and it will severely embarrass the British government who denied the sinister attack ever took place.

Former POW Kevin Carson said it showed how the British engaged in chemical warfare against “defenceless” prisoners in Long Kesh and said it was particularly poignant that the news should break on the week of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz where tens of thousands of men, women and children were gassed by the Nazis.

In 1998 John Spellar, minister for the British armed forces, in a written answer to Labour MP Ken Livingstone denied that CR Gas had ever been used ‘operationally’. Some time later former shadow Secretary of State for the North Kevin McNamara asked the same minister what quantity of CR gas was used on October 16 1974. Again Spellar denied it was used by significantly saying that “some 200 hand held spray devices containing 0.05 per cent CR were held at HM Prison Maze at the time”.

But now the secret go-ahead to use the chemical weapons has been revealed in papers from 1976 that show that the use of CR or Dibenzoxazepine “10 times more powerful than tear gas” was allowed from 1973 to be released onto Long Kesh. Documents show that the authorisation was so sensitive that officials involved in organisation training with the chemical were told: “All concerned should be told of the consequences of idle talk”.

Kevin Carson described how the CR Gas fell on the prisoners, describing the attack as “hell on earth”.

“These prisoners compared to any random group suffered a high percentage of premature deaths as a result of internal cancers,” he said. “The gas affected your sinuses and throat. That continued down the nose and throat with mucus. It was like you were drowning in your own mucus and your eyes filled up with water. The gas filled the whole football pitch in the jail in a dense fog. The bombs fragmented into smaller bomblets of gas leaving the dense effect on the ground. The result has been agonising diseases suffered by Irishmen at the behest of the British,” he said.

More information on Dibenzoxazepine here
http://www.zarc.com/english/tear_gases/crdibenzoxazepine.html

 A new campaign GROUP is demanding answers of the British Government over the use of CR gas against Irish Republican prisoners in Long Kesh in 1974. Ceartas (the Irish name for Justice) is the brainchild of former Long Kesh POW Jim McCann who for years has campaigned to get to the truth behind the British Army attack on prisoners during the burning of Long Kesh in October 1974. Along with Charlie Mawhinney, Joe Doherty and Mairtín Óg Meehan, McCann aims to “lift the curtain of secrecy that the British Government has thrown over its use of chemical weapons against unsuspecting prisoners”.

One of the motivating factors for the former prisoners is the high incidence of cancers among former POWs who were targeted in the gas attacks.McCann explains: “In 1974, republican POWs were being constantly harassed by the prison authorities so in October we took action.”This action saw hundreds of POWs burning the Long Kesh Cages and taking over the camp. In response, the British Army was deployed and, in the course of two days of fighting, hundreds of prisoners were seriously wounded when British soldiers fired rubber bullets at point-blank range and beat them with batons.However, it was the use of gas what campaigners believe was the highly toxic CR gas that has caused more concern in the long term.As the fighting between the British Army and the POWs intensified, the prisoners were driven into the playing fields at the centre of the camp. Once there, helicopters flew overhead and dropped clusters of gas.

The operation to use CR gas was authorised under guidelines codenamed Snowdrop. British Government documents obtained by Ceartas quote an AW Stephens, Head of the British Ministry of Defence’s DS 10, describing Snowdrop as “the contingency plan developed to deal with hi-jacking and other serious armed terrorist incidents” with members of the SAS – transported in helicopters – trained to carry out the operation.

Many of those gassed, who had suffered the effects of CS gas during rioting on the streets of the Six Counties, described completely different sensations when engulfed by the Long Kesh gas.“We were left completely incapacitated,” says McCann. “I remember having this sensation that I was drowning.”According to McCann, “approximately 12 per cent to 15 per cent of the prisoners affected in the camp at that time have since contracted various forms of cancer, including leukemia and other lung diseases.”

Ceartas maintains that there is further evidence of a cover up in relation to the use of CR gas.In the days and weeks after the fighting was quelled, prisoners had their blood tested with samples being taken by British Ministry of Defence (MoD) technicians without explaining why they were doing these tests. “My medical records for 1974 have mysteriously gone missing,” says Jim McCann. “Through my solicitor I have been able to get my medical records for the whole time I was in prison except for the year 1974. Nor has anyone admitted to taking blood samples from the prisoners”.CR gas was developed as a riot control weapon through the late 1950s and into the early 1960s by the British Government.When it tried to market this gas to the United States military it was refused on the grounds that “not enough was known about its carcinogenic and mutanogenic effects”.

In other developments, in response to a parliamentary question from Labour Party MP Ken Livingstone, then Armed Forces Minister John Spellar, also of the Labour Party, admitted that “some 200 hand-held spray devices containing CR were held at HM Maze [Long Kesh] at that time”.The Guardian newspaper reported in March 1974 that “the chemical has already been issued to Long Kesh military guards and will be used in the event of serious rioting”.And writing in The Observer in 2005, journalists Craig Morrison and Martin Bright disclosed:“The British Government had secretly authorised the use of a chemical riot control agent to be used in prisons at the height of the Northern Ireland Troubles.”

Jim McCann explains:“We want the floodgates to open as we slowly attempt to put the jigsaw together piece by piece because we have been fobbed off and lied to for far too long.“The curtain of secrecy in which the British Government is attempting to shroud the truth in is full of holes and although it is already too late for some of us we are refusing to let the injustices continue.”

The above article was written by Peadar Whelan and printed in An Phoblacht on July 1, 2008.